ABSTRACT
Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS), defined as a rare variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), is characterized by the classic triad of ataxia, areflexia, and ophthalmoplegia. It is a demyelinating polyneuropathy resulting from a deregulated autoimmune response secondary to infection by viruses and bacteria. SMF and GBS have been described during the COVID-19 pandemic. There are some reports in the literature of GBS after vaccination for COVID-19. In contrast, reports of post-vaccination FMS for SARS-CoV-2 are scarce in the literature. A 75-year-old patient is presented who consults for asthenia, adynamia, and difficulty swallowing that progresses to respiratory distress. She refers to the application of the Sputnik V vaccine as an important antecedent. During the hospital stay, the diagnosis was made by electromyography and nerve conduction study of GBS variant SMF. The objective is to expose a post-vaccination SMF to SARS-CoV-2 with the biological Sputnik V and highlight the importance of this background for surveillance in clinical practice and future research.Copyright © 2022 Asociacion Colombiana de Infectologia. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: The test applied to the students of the Agroindustry career of the National University of Chimborazo presents previous visual diseases in: 33.3 % myopia, 5.1 % astigmatism, 0.5 % presbyopia, referring to the use of the computer we have: 54.9 % of 2 to 4 hours, 39 % of 4 to 8 hours and 6.2 % more than 8 hours which can cause visual fatigue. This research aims to determine the level of visual computer syndrome when applying the CVSS 17 test and technostress by applying the NTP 730 test. The reliability of the instruments is 0. 693 good and 0.959 mu and good, and the reliability of 0.916 and 0.931 which is very good respectively. The result of visual fatigue is 29.2% symptomatic and 70.8% asymptomatic. Regarding technostress, 55.4% is low, 35.9% is medium, and 8.7% is high. The conclusions are determined: the existence of visual fatigue determines the presence of ocular and visual symptoms which will cause short-term affections to the organ of sight and referring to technostress there is resistance to the use of technology. The presence of visual fatigue is associated with the tele study due to the high frequency of computer use and other environmental factors, theCovid 19 pandemic is one of the factors that has contributed to the phenomenon under study, so it is necessary to implement preventive measures.Copyright © 2023, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
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The payment of the urban property tax is an obligation with which all citizens who own real estate must comply. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the help that the decrease in the payment of the tax would give to the citizens, due to the fact that the economy of the citizens has been affected by the pandemic, since the city of Tulcan is a border city, its main economic activity is commerce, which due to the pandemic decreased significantly, leaving economic losses. The objective is to demonstrate that such increase is currently unnecessary, since everyone has been economically affected by Covid 19, for this we have used a field and investigative methodology. As a result, we should obtain the solution to this problem, giving a favourable end for the citizens as well as for the personnel of the municipality.
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Background: The main risk factors studied that have an influence on mortality from COVID-19 have so far been inconclusive in the world literature, mainly in relation to the male gender. Objective: To determine which are the main risk factors that influence a higher mortality from COVID-19. Material and methods: A case-control study was conducted, including 1190 patients with positive RT-PCR. The risk factors studied were: gender, age, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), Diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, smoking, immunosuppressants, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), influenza vaccine. In the Group of Cases: they died from COVID-19 (n = 576), while in the Controls group: they survived (n = 614). The statistical plan included cross-tables and multivariate logistic regression model to determine the influence of these risk factors on mortality from COVID-19. Results: We found no statistically significant differences between cases and controls in relation to gender. However, the cases were aged >60 years, SAH, DM, obesity compared to controls. Conclusions: Male gender was not a risk factor for mortality from COVID-19, however, other risk factors such as age over 60 years, being hypertensive, diabetic and obese, were corroborated as such for a higher mortality from COVID-19.
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The right of accessibility in higher education for people with disabilities as a constitutional guarantee of human rights, corresponds mainly to the groups of priority attention, being established in the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, to people with any disability, thus strengthening the comprehensive protection of accessibility in higher education. With the objective of making a critical-legal analysis and considering the health crisis derived from the COVID-19 at the beginning of the year 2020, there was some instability in all factors, so higher education was affected transcendentally before the lack of accessibility in technological means, consequent to the reality and students who suffer from some type of disability were affected considerably. The application of the types and modalities of research through the descriptive and bibliographic scope of the background demonstrate the legal affectation of the right to accessibility in higher education for this part of the population in Ecuador.
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Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients undergoing treatments that act on the inmune system and present an increased risk of infections. For this reason, we could consider that these patients may have an increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, it remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the cumulative incidence, the severity of the infection and its influence on the natural history of IBD in patients under biological treatment and also evaluating the possible differences with another group without these therapy. Methods: Retrospective observational study about our IBD patients followed from March 2020 to January 2021 divided into two groups: patients on treatment with biological drugs (anti-TNF, vedolizumab, ustekinumab and tofacitinib) and patients without biological drugs (thiopurines or 5-ASA). We evaluated: the cumulative incidence in 10 months for COVID-19 in the 2 cohorts;clinical variables considered risk factors for the infection, the infection severity and influence on the course of IBD employing Harvey-Bradshaw index in Crohn's disease and Mayo partial index in ulcerative colitis before and after infection. Results: It collected 755 IBD patients. 89 were infected by SARSCOV-2, 43 in the biological group and 46 in non biological group. The cumulative incidence in 10 months was 10.85% in the first group (figure 1) and 12.81% in the second group with no significant differences. We verified comparability of the groups discarded the existence of statistical differences in all of the risk factors (sex, age, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease and BMI). In most cases, the infection was mild (94.4%) and the required treatment was symptomatic in 86.4% of the total (Figure 2), without significant differences between groups. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 5 patients, whose required hospital admission (3 belonged to the biological group and 2 to the other). The maximum respiratory support required was FIO2 36%, no patient required admission to ICU and there were no deaths. Additionally, the course of IBD was not affected because of COVID-19, considering no significant differences were observed in clinical scores in each group before and after infection, even taking into account 14 patients discontinued biological therapy temporarily during infection. Conclusion: Our study suggests that IBD patients under biological therapy do not have an increased incidence of SARS-COV-2 infection and also do not have a higher risk of severe disease than IBD patients without this therapy. Furthermore, COVID-19 does not affect the natural history of IBD. These data go in the same direction as those published to date, however, we need multicentre registries with a larger sample size in the future.
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The world economy reflects the primary principle of transparency and social control in public procurement, in order to generate employment, strengthening equality and the equitable distribution of wealth, but the reality has been reflected in the mirror of corruption as a front medium in which it is directly linked to the State and its contracting parties. The global pandemic derived from Covid-9 forced the economy to look for sustainable alternatives but the reality was formed in overvalued contracts at their real prices, a situation that left the entire Ecuadorian territory in economic instability around the health emergency, without compliance individual and general that require all types of public contracts, have left the violation and direct affectation of the principle of transparency and social control. The State reformed and formulated different design structures to prevent the spread of the virus, but the excessive use of contracts has increasingly bled the financial system that supported Ecuador. The objective of this article is to carry out a legal analysis with reference to public procurement in Ecuador regarding the health emergency.
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This research aims to carry out a sociological study on the causes of acts of corruption in public procurement around the health emergency imposed by COVID 19 in Ecuador regarding the role of the state in its prevention and the need for legal reform. For this purpose, we propose using Neutrosophic Sociology or Neutrosociology, to use an indeterminate membership function that allows modeling the unawareness, doubts, and contradictions that may exist in the answers of any human being. The results obtained showed that the city of Guayaquil identifies as the main cause of acts of corruption in public procurement during the COVID 19 health emergency in the country: the interference of public servants as partners in different companies supply medical supplies. However, it does not recognize as a possible cause the existence of legal gaps in the public procurement norm. © 2021. Neutrosophic Sets and Systems. All Rights Reserved.
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Introduction: Few studies have examined the effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), who are already at higher risk of depression, anxiety and stress than the general population. Aims & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on patients with IBD in Spain during lockdown and the first wave of the pandemic. A self-report questionnaire that integrated the Spanish version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21) and the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSS) was designed to gather sociodemographic data and information related to the effects of COVID-19 on the lives of IBD patients. Twelve IBD units invited their patients to answer the anonymous online survey via email or by using a QR code displayed at the unit. A link to the survey was also published on the GETECCU (Spanish IBD group) website and social media account. The survey was conducted between the 1st July and the 25th August 2020. Results: Of the 693 survey participants with IBD, 67% were female, mean age 43 (12y SD). 61% had ulcerative colitis, 36% Crohn's disease 3% indeterminate colitis. Only 15 participants were diagnosed with COVID-19: 3 of them required hospital admission and none required ICU admission. Physical activity levels and sleep habits were adversely affected for 79% and 67% of respondents, respectively. In addition, 39% reported a decrease in income due to the pandemic. 95% report having complied with IBD treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite over 50% of them feeling that they were more at risk of infection due to their medication. DASS-21 scores indicate that during the lockdown the estimated prevalence of depression was 10.5% [95% CI 8.2-13%], anxiety 20% [95% CI -17- 23%] and stress 18% [95% CI 8.2-13%]. Conclusion: In the short-term, lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact on the mental health of IBD patients in Spain. Further follow-up studies should be carried out to determine the real long-term impact.
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Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients undergoing treatment with drugs that act on the immune system present an increased risk of infections in general1. For this reason, we could consider that these patients may have an increased risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, however, it remains unclear2. We aimed to analyze the cumulative incidence, the severity of the SARS-COV2 infection and its influence on the natural history of IBD in patients under biological treatment, also evaluating the possible differences with another group without these treatments. Aims & Methods: Retrospective observational study about our IBD patients followed between March 2020 and January 2021 divided into two groups: patients on treatment with biological drugs (anti-TNF, vedolizumab, ustekinumab and tofacitinib) and patients without biological therapy as thiopurines or mesalamine (5-ASA). We evaluated: the cumulative incidence in 10 months for COVID-19 in the 2 cohorts;clinical variables considered risk factors for the infection (sex, age, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, body mass index)3,4;the infection severity (visits to the emergency room, need for hospital admission, type of treatment received) and influence on the course of IBD (Harvey- Bradshaw index and Mayo partial in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis respectively, before and after COVID-19). Results: It collected 755 IBD patients treated in our centre. Of these, a total of 89 patients were infected by SARS-COV-2, 43 belonged to the biologics group and 46 were to 5-ASA and thiopurines group treatment. Only 3 patients out of 89 were being treated with corticosteroids. We verified the groups' comparability discarded the existence of statistical differences in age, sex distribution and the rest of the risk factor's. The cumulative incidence in 10 months was 10.85% in the biologics group and 12.81% in the group without biologics, with no incidence significant differences. In most cases, the infection was mild (94.4%) and the required treatment was symptomatic in 86.4% of the total, without significant differences between groups. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 5 patients, whose required hospital admission (3 belonged to the biological group and 2 to the other). Only 18 patients (20,2%) required one emergency room visit and the rest none. The maximum respiratory support required was FIO2 36%, no patient required admission to the intensive care unit and there were no deaths. Additionally, the course of IBD was not affected as a result of COVID-19, considering no significant differences were observed in clinical scores in each group before and after infection, even though 14 of the patients in the biological group discontinued these medications temporarily during infection (mean 2.87 weeks). None of the patients in the thiopurines and 5-ASA group discontinued the drug Conclusion: Our study suggests that IBD patients under biological treatment do not have an increased incidence of SARS-COV-2 infection and also do not have a higher risk of severe disease than IBD patients with other treatments (5-ASA or thiopurines).
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The Mexico-UK Sub-Millimetre Camera for AsTronomy (MUSCAT) is a 1.1-mm band receiver consisting of 1,500 single-colour lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors and is scheduled for deployment to the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) after the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. MUSCAT is designed to utilise the full field of view of the LMT's upgraded 50-m primary mirror (approximately 4'). Here we will present the as-measured performance of MUSCAT from the final lab-verification testing prior to shipping to the LMT. We will also explain the overall design of MUSCAT including the novel technologies utilised-such as continuous cooling using sorption coolers and a miniature dilutor, and horn-coupled LEKIDs-for which MUSCAT will provide a first on-sky demonstration.
ABSTRACT
The right to accessibility as a constitutional guarantee of human rights, corresponds mainly to the groups of priority attention, being established in the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador to persons with disabilities, strengthening the comprehensive protection of accessibility in higher education. Instability that was recurrent at the beginning of the year 2020, before the health crisis derived from COVID-19, higher education was affected transcendentally due to the lack of accessibility in the technological means, consequent to the reality of the students who suffer from some type of disability. The application of the types and modalities of research through the descriptive and bibliographic scope of the antecedents demonstrate the legal affectation of the right or accessibility in higher education.
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Background: On March 20, 2020, to stop the spread of the COVID-19, the New York State Governor issued a strict stay at home order for all tasks that were deemed as “nonessential” starting March 22 at 8PM. We would like to determine what change, if any, in physical activity levels (PAL) took place because of the lockdown order in HD patients. Methods: HD patients were enrolled from 4 clinics in New York City starting in May 2018 and followed for a period of up to 1 year. Patients ≥18 years, on HD ≥3 months, able to walk, and owning a smartphone were enrolled. PAL was defined by steps taken per day measured by with a wrist-based monitoring device (Fitbit Charge 2). Patients still in the study as of March 22, 2020 were included in the study cohort. Average steps per day was calculated for Jan 1-Feb 13, 2020 and the five weeks prior to and after the lockdown went into place. A linear mixed-effect model was used to estimate the average steps per day and 95% confidence intervals. Socioeconomic parameters such as age, race, employment status, and education level were taken at the beginning of the study. Results: 42 patients were included in this analysis. At enrollment patients were 55±11 years old with a dialysis vintage of 4.5±4.4 years, and a BMI of 28.9±8.6 kg/ m2. 33% lived alone, 48% were single, 50% unemployed, 69% were African American, and 50% had an education level of some college or higher. Results on average steps per day are presented in Figure 1. Steps per day decreased significantly after the lockdown order with the most significant drop when the COVID-19 pandemic was declared a national emergency Conclusions: There was a decrease in PAL due to the mandated lockdown. As sedentary behavior is a risk factor for negative outcomes in the HD population, we must implement interventions to promote PAL, such as intradialytic exercise. (Figure Presented).